Sanofi and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. announced that the European Commission (EC) has granted marketing authorisation for Praluent® (alirocumab) for the treatment of bad cholesterol, known as low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, in certain adult patients with hypercholesterolaemia.
Praluent is the only EC-approved PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) inhibitor that is available in two starting doses as a single 1-millitre (ml) injection (75mg and 150mg) once every two weeks, offering two levels of efficacy. Praluent will be available in a single-dose pre-filled pen that patients self-administer.
“The availability of two different Praluent dosing strengths provides for dosing flexibility. In clinical practice, this will enable physicians to tailor treatment based on an individual patient’s LDL-cholesterol-lowering needs,” said Michel Farnier, MD, PhD, Point Medical, Dijon, France. “In the Phase III trials, the majority of patients who started on the lower Praluent 75mg dose were able to achieve their pre-defined LDL-cholesterol goals, and maintained treatment at this dose throughout the assessment period.”
The EC approved Praluent for the treatment of adult patients with primary hypercholesterolaemia (heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia [HeFH] and non-familial) or mixed dyslipidaemia as an adjunct to diet: a) in combination with a statin, or statin with other lipid-lowering therapies in patients unable to reach their LDL-cholesterol goals with the maximally-tolerated statin or b) alone or in combination with other lipid-lowering therapies for patients who are statin intolerant, or for whom a statin is contraindicated. The effect of Praluent on cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality has not yet been determined.
High cholesterol is a significant health concern in Europe. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Europe has the greatest prevalence per capita of high cholesterol in the world (54%) followed by the WHO Region of Americas (48%). High LDL-cholesterol is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), which remains the leading cause of death around the world. Unfortunately, despite treatment with current standard-of-care, including statins and and/or other lipid-lowering therapies, many Europeans continue to have poorly controlled LDL-cholesterol including those with HeFH, high CV risk; and/or those with a history of statin-intolerance. For some of these patients, additional treatment options are needed to more aggressively lower their cholesterol.
“Our clinical program focused on patients with the highest unmet needs, most of whom were on maximally-tolerated statins and/or other lipid-lowering therapies,” said Olivier Brandicourt, MD, Chief Executive Officer, Sanofi. “It was very exciting for us to see that the majority of these patients, most of whom continued to have very high LDL-cholesterol despite treatment with other lipid-lowering drugs, were able to achieve their cholesterol-lowering goals within weeks of adding Praluent to their treatment regime.”
The EC marketing authorisation is based on data from 10 pivotal Phase III ODYSSEY trials, including five placebo-controlled and five ezetimibe-controlled. The data showed consistent, robust reductions in LDL-cholesterol for Praluent compared to placebo or ezetimibe, when added to current standard-of-care, which included maximally-tolerated statins. All trials met their primary efficacy endpoint, demonstrating significantly greater reductions from baseline in LDL-cholesterol at week 24, compared to placebo or ezetimibe. In the placebo-controlled trials, the average LDL-cholesterol reductions from baseline at week 24 for the Praluent group ranged from 46 to 61%. In the ezetimibe-controlled trial with Praluent added to background statins, the average change in LDL-cholesterol from baseline was 51% at week 24. In the ezetimibe trials with patients not on statins, the average LDL-cholesterol reduction from baseline in the Praluent group ranged from 45 to 47% at week 24. Additionally, significantly more patients achieved an LDL-cholesterol level of less than 70mg/dl (<1.81mmol/l) in the Praluent group compared to placebo or ezetimibe at week 12 and week 24.
“We are pleased to bring Praluent to European patients in need of further LDL-cholesterol lowering,” said Leonard S Schleifer, MD, PhD, Founder, President, and Chief Executive Officer, Regeneron. “This approval was made possible through the tremendous hard work of our innovative scientists who translated a genetics-based discovery into an important new medicine, as well as thousands of dedicated investigators and patient participants.”
In eight trials patients initially started on Praluent 75mg every two weeks, and had their dose up-titrated to 150mg every two weeks at week 12 if needed to reach protocol-specified LDL-cholesterol targets. Patients who initially started on Praluent 75mg every two weeks experienced average LDL-cholesterol reductions from baseline ranging from 44.5% to 49% at week 12. The majority of patients achieved their pre-defined LDL-cholesterol target on the 75mg dose, and maintained treatment at this dose. In two other trials where patients initially started on Praluent 150mg every two weeks, the average LDL-cholesterol reduction from baseline was 63% at week 12. In ODYSSEY LONG TERM, the largest Phase III placebo-controlled trial evaluating Praluent to date, LDL-cholesterol reductions were sustained through 78 weeks.
The ability of Praluent to reduce major CV events is being investigated in the ongoing ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial, with results anticipated in 2017. In pre-specified final analyses of the ODYSSEY LONG TERM study, major CV events confirmed by adjudication were reported in 1.7% of patients in the Praluent group and 3.3% of patients in the placebo group. Hazard ratios were calculated post-hoc; HR=0.52 (95% CI, 0.31 to 0.90). In pre-specified analyses of pooled Phase 3 studies, major CV events were reported in 1.6% of patients in the Praluent group and 1.8% of those in the control group, which included either placebo or ezetimibe (HR=0.81; 95% CI, 0.52 to 1.25).
Across the Phase III trials all-cause mortality was 0.6% in the Praluent group and 0.9% in the control group, with CV events being the primary cause of death in the majority of these patients.
In clinical trials, Praluent was generally well tolerated with an acceptable safety profile. Local injection site reactions including erythema/redness, itching, swelling or pain/tenderness where the injection is given were the most common events (6% with Praluent versus 4% with placebo) in clinical trials. Most injection site reactions were transient and of mild intensity. The discontinuation rate due to local injection site reactions was comparable between the two groups (0.2% Praluent and 0.3% control groups). Other common adverse events occurring more frequently in the Praluent group than placebo included upper respiratory tract signs and symptoms, and pruritus.
In July, the companies announced that Praluent was approved for use in the U.S. as an adjunct to diet and maximally-tolerated statin therapy for the treatment of adults with HeFH or clinical atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD), who require additional lowering of LDL-cholesterol. The effect of Praluent on CV morbidity and mortality has not been determined.
This medicinal product is subject to additional monitoring. This will allow quick identification of new safety information. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions.
