AllerGenis has reported research results in The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology(JACI) that demonstrate the ability to predict, with significant accuracy, milk allergy patients’ outcomes before milk oral immunotherapy treatment (Milk-OIT) is administered, using the company’s novel milk allergy diagnostic assay.
Cow’s milk allergy (CMA) is one of the most common food allergies in children under the age of 5.1 Milk-OIT has emerged in the past decade as a potential relief to CMA patients; however, for many, the desensitisation to milk is not sustained once the therapy is completed. Moreover, Milk-OIT carries significant risks, including anaphylaxis. For these reasons, the ability to stratify patients according to their predicted response to therapy would represent a significant boon for patient safety.
In this study, CMA patient blood samples were taken before Milk-OIT and analysed to predict the patient’s probability for sustained desensitisation to milk allergens after the completion of the treatment. Comparing the results to patient samples taken after Milk-OIT revealed that AllerGenis’ assay was able to predict patients’ desensitisation outcomes with 87% accuracy, more than what is possible with models based on standard serum component protein assays.
“Our previously validated research2 demonstrated that our diagnostic assay is very accurate at diagnosing milk allergy,” said lead author Hugh A Sampson, MD, of the Elliot and Roslyn Jaffe Food Allergy Institute of the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. “We thought it was possible to use this tool to provide predictive data to clinicians treating milk allergic patients with Milk-OIT. Based on these results, we have a new and powerful tool for clinicians to improve safety and quality of life for their patients.”
Drs Sampson and Mayte Suárez-Fariñas, PhD, and their team used a next-generation peptide-based immunoassay to subdivide allergenic milk proteins into smaller peptide fragments — called epitopes — and measured the reactivity of the epitopes to a patient’s IgE/IgG4 antibodies, creating a distinct antibody-epitope reactivity profile for each patient. Because the peptide assay measures reactivity to each of the epitopes, instead of the whole protein allergen, the assay results are able to provide information about a patient’s food allergy sensitivity with more than double the accuracy of current diagnostic methods.
Next, the research team produced antibody-epitope reactivity signatures for each patient sample, and then used those data and machine learning to build a predictive algorithm. In this case, the algorithm was also applied to predict patients’ sustained unresponsiveness to milk allergens following Milk-OIT.
“We often hear from clinicians that improved precision in food diagnostics is long overdue,” said Bob Getts, PhD, co-author and Chief Science Officer at AllerGenis. “We’ve been confident for some time now that high-throughput, next-generation technologies could dramatically improve food allergy diagnostic, prognostic and predictive precision. These results demonstrate that. Our goal is to get this technology and approach into the hands of clinicians.”
The research results, authored by Drs Sampson and Suárez-Fariñas and colleagues are available in the 3 December 2018 issue of JACI.
References
- Gupta R et al. The Public Health Impact of Parent-Reported Childhood Food Allergies in the United States. Pediatrics. 2018 Dec, 142 (6) e20181235; doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-1235
- Sackesen C et al. A new Luminex-based peptide assay to identify reactivity to baked, fermented, and whole milk. Allergy 2018 Jul 29. doi: 10.1111/all.13581. [Epub ahead of print]
